149 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: "networkQuality：macOS 中隐藏的网络测试工具（命令行）"
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source: "https://www.sysgeek.cn/macos-networkquality/"
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author:
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- "[[海猴子]]"
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published: 2023-12-18
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created: 2025-12-02
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description: "掌握 macOS 中隐藏的 networkQuality 命令，优化你的网络连接，提升连接速度。详解网络性能测试和诊断。"
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tags:
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- "clippings"
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---
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这里，我们有一个有趣而强大的工具，即 macOS 12 Monterey 及其更新版本中引入的 `networkQuality` 命令。它被用于评估网络质量和诊断潜在的网络问题，主要关注上传下载速度以及网络的响应能力。
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## 运行默认测试
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如果你想利用 Network Quality 工具进行测试，只需打开 macOS 中的「终端」应用程序并输入以下命令：
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** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制
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** 复制
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```
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networkQuality -v
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```
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执行此命令将触发一系列默认测试，并将结果直观地展示在「终端」窗口中。
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networkQuality 测试结果
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| 指标 | 单位 | 说明 |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| Plink capacity | Mbps | 上行速度 |
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| Downlink capacity | Mbps | 下行速度 |
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| Uplink bytes transferred | 字节 | 上行传输的字节数 |
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| Downlink bytes transferred | 字节 | 下行传输的字节数 |
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| Uplink Flow count | 次 | 上行流量计数 |
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| Downlink Flow count | 次 | 下行流量计数 |
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| Idle Latency | 毫秒 | 空闲延迟 |
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| Responsiveness | RPM | 响应数 |
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RPM 表示每分钟往返次数。响应数越高，表示网络的响应能力越好。
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## Private Relay 测试
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除了基本功能外，Network Quality 工具还为 Apple 的 Private Relay 提供支持。Private Relay 是一项功能强大的服务，通过两个独立的服务器对所有网络流量进行加密和路由，以提供额外的隐私和安全性。要在工具中启用 Private Relay，只需在命令中添加 `-p` 开关：
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** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制
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** 复制
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```
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networkQuality -v -p
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```
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## 自定义配置
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为了满足个性化需求，你可以根据具体情况自定义 Network Quality 工具的配置。默认情况下，工具通过 `https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/config` 从 Apple 获取配置文件。但你可以通过使用 `-C` 参数指定不同的配置 URL 来进行自定义。
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Apple 的默认配置如下：
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** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制
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** 复制
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```
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{ "version": 1,
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"test_endpoint": "hkhkg3-edge-bx-014.aaplimg.com",
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"urls": {
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"small_https_download_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/small",
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"large_https_download_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/large",
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"https_upload_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/slurp",
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"small_download_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/small",
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"large_download_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/large",
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"upload_url": "https://mensura.cdn-apple.com/api/v1/gm/slurp"
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}
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}
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```
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需要注意的是，Apple 的 `test_endpoint` 在请求时可能会变更，会选择一个就近的（不同）服务器，从而减少延迟并分散服务器负载。
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比如，如果你有一个位于 `https://networkquality.example.com/config` 的自定义配置文件，可以通过以下命令运行 Network Quality 工具，来使用自定义配置：
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** 复制 ** 复制 ** 复制
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** 复制
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```
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networkQuality -v -C https://networkquality.example.com/config
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```
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通过这个命令，工具将按照自定义配置文件中指定的设置执行测试。要为 Network Quality 工具建立自己的测试服务器，可以在项目的 [GitHub 页面](https://github.com/network-quality/goserver) 上找到详细的文档。
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## networkQuality 命令参数
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** 复制 ** 复制
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** 复制
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```
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USAGE: networkQuality [-C <configuration_url>] [-c] [-d] [-f <comma-separated list>] [-h] [-I <network interface name>] [-k] [-p] [-r host] [-S <port>] [-s] [-u] [-v]
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-C: Override Configuration URL or path (with scheme file://)
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-c: Produce computer-readable output
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-d: Do not run a download test (implies -s)
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-f: <comma-separated list>: Enforce Protocol selections. Available options:
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h1: Force-enable HTTP/1.1
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h2: Force-enable HTTP/2
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h3: Force-enable HTTP/3 (QUIC)
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L4S: Force-enable L4S
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noL4S: Force-disable L4S
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-h: Show help (this message)
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-I: Bind test to interface (e.g., en0, pdp_ip0,...)
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-k: Disable certificate validation
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-p: Use iCloud Private Relay
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-r: Connect to host or IP, overriding DNS for initial config request
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-S: Start and run server on specified port. Other specified options ignored
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-s: Run tests sequentially instead of parallel upload/download
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-u: Do not run an upload test (implies -s)
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-v: Verbose output
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```
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---
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macOS 中的 `networkQuality` 工具是一款强大的命令行实用程序，专注于测量网络连接性能。它不仅可以用于常规网络测试，还支持通过 Apple Private Relay 进行测试而无需购买 iCloud+ 服务，这是一个很方便的功能。
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相关资源：
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- [networkQuality Wiki](https://github.com/network-quality/community/wiki)
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- [PPM 响应性草案 RFC](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-cpaasch-ippm-responsiveness-00.html)
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[** 赞(1)](https://www.sysgeek.cn/macos-networkquality/)
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分享到 [**](https://www.sysgeek.cn/macos-networkquality/ "分享到微信") **
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